What are the main types of manual testing?

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 1. Smoke Testing

A quick check to verify if the major functionalities of the application are working.

Often called "build verification testing."

📌 Example: Checking if login, homepage, and basic navigation work after a new build.

✅ 2. Sanity Testing

Narrow and focused testing to ensure a specific feature or bug fix works.

Usually performed after smoke testing passes.

📌 Example: Verifying only the password reset feature after a bug fix.

✅ 3. Functional Testing

Ensures the software behaves according to the requirements.

Focuses on what the system does.

📌 Example: Checking if the signup form correctly saves user details.

✅ 4. Regression Testing

Tests previously working features to confirm new changes haven’t broken anything.

Very important after updates or bug fixes.

📌 Example: Rechecking the checkout flow after modifying payment options.

✅ 5. Integration Testing

Tests how different modules or systems interact with each other.

📌 Example: Testing the integration between the shopping cart and payment gateway.

✅ 6. System Testing

End-to-end testing of the entire application.

Verifies that all components work together in a complete system.

📌 Example: Testing a full e-commerce purchase flow — from login to order confirmation.

✅ 7. User Acceptance Testing (UAT)

Done by the end users or clients to confirm the software meets business requirements.

Often the final step before production release.

📌 Example: Client testing a CRM system to validate real-world scenarios.

✅ 8. Exploratory Testing

Unscripted testing where testers explore the app and use creativity and intuition.

Great for finding hidden bugs.

📌 Example: Randomly trying different inputs in a form to see how it behaves.

✅ 9. Ad-hoc Testing

Informal and unplanned testing done without any documentation.

Done when there's limited time.

📌 Example: Quickly checking all features right before a demo.

✅ 10. Usability Testing

Tests how user-friendly and intuitive the application is.

Focuses on UI/UX and user experience.

📌 Example: Observing users as they try to find a product on your website.

✅ 11. Compatibility Testing

Ensures the application works across different browsers, OS, devices, etc.

📌 Example: Testing a website on Chrome, Firefox, and Safari on both Windows and Mac.

✅ 12. Localization and Globalization Testing

Checks if the application adapts to different languages, regions, and cultures.

📌 Example: Testing date formats, currency symbols, and translations in the app.

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