What are the phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)?

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Phases of the Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)

Requirement Analysis

QA team studies and analyzes requirements (functional, non-functional).

Identifies testable items and clarifies doubts with stakeholders.

Deliverables: Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM), Automation Feasibility Report.

Test Planning

Test Manager creates a Test Strategy and Test Plan.

Includes scope, objectives, resources, tools, schedule, and risk mitigation.

Deliverables: Test Plan document, effort estimation.

Test Case Design / Test Case Development

QA team writes detailed test cases, test scripts, and prepares test data.

Focus is on high coverage, reusability, and traceability.

Deliverables: Test cases, Test scripts, Test data sets.

Environment Setup

Set up the required hardware, software, and network to execute tests.

May include installation of test servers, databases, tools (Selenium, JIRA, etc.).

Deliverables: Test environment ready, Smoke Test results.

Test Execution

Execute test cases manually or using automation tools.

Log actual results, compare with expected results, and raise defects for failures.

Deliverables: Test Execution Report, Defect Reports.

Defect Reporting & Tracking

Report bugs using tools like JIRA or Bugzilla.

Track defect lifecycle from identification to closure.

Deliverables: Updated defect status, Defect metrics.

Test Cycle Closure

Evaluate exit criteria (test coverage, bug fix rate, quality metrics).

Prepare Test Summary Report and Lessons Learned.

Deliverables: Test Summary Report, Closure meeting minutes.

✅ Conclusion:

STLC ensures a systematic and quality-driven approach to testing, helping teams detect issues early, reduce risks, and deliver reliable software.

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